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MIS: Home > Exotics > Avian > Gastrointestinal & Cloacal ensoscopy
Avian
Gastrointestinal & Cloacal ensoscopy
Examination of the mouth, esophagus, crop, proventriculus, and ventriculus are possible in most birds under 500g using the 2.7mm telescope and 14.5 Fr operating sheath, via an oral approach. In birds over 500g, an ingluviotomy approach is required to be able to reach the proventriculus and ventriculus.
Gas insufflation can be used to dilate and examine the esophagus, crop and proventriculus for foreign bodies. However, warm (100oF, 38oC) saline irrigation provides better visualization and vastly superior mucosal detail. It is important to dilate the tract when advancing the scope-sheath system to avoid damage and laceration to the thin intestinal wall. All birds must be intubated to avoid aspiration of irrigation fluids. Excessive cloacal fluid administration can result in oral regurgitation.
Endoscopic view of the ventriculus or gizzard of a pigeon. Note the yellow-green pigmented kaolin covering of the gizzard and the presence of grit.
Cloacoscopy in a pigeon using a sheathed telescope and utilizing saline irrigation to dilate the intestinal tract and improve visualization.
Endoscopic view of the cloaca of a pigeon. Note the dorsal urodeal fold and the opening to the bursa of Fabricus.
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