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Rigid Telescopes

Rigid telescope, that can also be called a laparoscope. The endoscope delivers the image of the surgical site through a series of lenses stacked within a rod that also contains optical fibers for transmission of light to illuminate the site. Similar rigid scopes are called arthroscope, video-otoscope, rhinoscope, etc. when used to view other areas. Most laparoscopes are either 5 or 10 mm in diameter, but a more universal 2.7 mm diameter scope can be used for laparoscopy in some small animals. The larger the diameter of the scope, the more light that can be transmitted and the larger the image seen. Scopes can be zero degree such that viewing is "straight-on" and the image is centered on the axis of the scope. Scopes with a 30 degree permit viewing from the side, a useful view when working in many remote body regions. These 30 degree scopes are used for thoracoscopy, to examine the cranial and caudal regions of the abdomen, for rhinoscopy, cystoscopy, and otoscopy.

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