<<  Back

LAMS/SAMS 5203 - Spring 04

Required elements

• Principal course assignments:

Principal Course Assignments: Required reading for each lecture will be listed in the notes. Students are expected to have reviewed the lecture notes for this course before each lecture. Further detail and explanation can be found in the required textbook.


• Specific course requirements for grading purposes:

See grading policy


• Grading policy:

Course grades will be determined by a mid-course examination and a final examination. Each examination is comprehensive and will contain questions drawn from material presented prior to that date. The format is multiple choice questions. The completed answers must be turned in at the end of the time allocated for the test or examination. Our policy is not to give retest written examinations. Mid-course exam is 50% of the total grade and the Final Exam is 50% of the grade. Specific grading: A- at least 90.0%, B – at least 80.0%, C – at least 70.0%, and D – at least 60.0%.


• Attendance policy:

Attendance policy has been outlined in the College of Veterinary Medicine student handbook.


• Required course material, including texts:

The required textbook is Veterinary Anesthesia 10th edition, Hall, Clarke, and Trim, WB Saunders, 2001. Information can also be found in other anesthesia textbooks, including Lumb & Jones Veterinary Anesthesia 3rd edition, Thurmon, Tranquilli, Benson, Williams & Wilkins, 1996, Veterinary Anesthesia and Pain Management Secrets, Greene 2001, and Handbook of Veterinary Anesthesia by Muir, Hubbell, et al, 2001.


• Policy for make-up of examinations:

An unexcused absence from a test or examination will be recorded as zero. An excused absence from a test or examination will require that the student take a substitute test or examination within a reasonable time interval as determined by the course instructor. Dr. Cynthia M. Trim Office: H318 (542-6318) Email: ctrim@vet.uga.edu

Course information

• Prerequisites:

Must be a DVM student


• Objectives:

: The students will be able to: a. Define terms related to anesthesia, including anesthesia, analgesia, amnesia, balanced anesthesia, basal narcosis, brachycephalic, depth of anesthesia, diffusion hypoxia, hyperesthesia, hypnosis, hyperalgesia, induction, MAC, neuroleptanalgesia nociception, noxious stimulus, preemptive analgesia, premedication, sedation, tachyphylaxis, total intravenous anesthesia, therapeutic ratio, and tranquilization. b. Describe the mechanism of action, distribution, pharmacologic actions and elimination of the following classes of drugs: anticholinergics, phenothiazine tranquilizers, apha2-adrenoreceptor agonist sedatives, benzodiazepines, opioids, thiobarbiturate, propofol, dissociative anesthetic agents, etomidate, antagonists, analeptics. Describe unique species differences between commonly used agents. c. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of inhalation agents. List the physical properties of volatile anesthetics including vapor pressure and stability. List the factors that determine the speed of induction (rate of uptake from airway to alveoli, from alveoli to arterial blood, and from blood to brain). List factors that govern elimination from brain and tissues. Tabulate and explain significance in relation to anesthetic practice the MAC values and blood gas partition coefficients. With respect to nitrous oxide, halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane, state effects on circulation, ventilation, liver, urogenital and defense mechanisms. d. Draw the basic design of an anesthesia machine, labeling components and stating their function. Describe the operation of common varieties of liquid anesthetic vaporizers. Diagram and explain use of a non-rebreathing system, including limitations, oxygen flow rate and calculations. Diagram and explain use of a circle circuit, including oxygen flow rate, differences in function with the vaporizer inside the circle compared with outside the circle, effect of ventilation and patient size. List the potential consequences of humans breathing trace quantities of anesthetic gases (room pollution). Describe common causes of operating room pollution. Describe equipment used to scavenge waste gases from the operating room. Describe checking procedure for the anesthesia machine. List the types of endotracheal tubes and describe techniques and complications of endotracheal intubation. Describe types of injection needles and catheters and potential complications of their use. e. Describe pertinent facts from the history, physical examination, laboratory data, and current disease state that influence choice of anesthetic drugs and perianesthetic management. Describe anesthetic classification of patients. List the characteristics of fluids used for fluid therapy during anesthesia, their modes of administration and reasons for use. f. Describe the signs and stages of anesthesia including reflexes and their significance to depth of anesthesia. Describe the equipment and methods of monitoring, normal and abnormal values, of the following cardiovascular parameters: palpation of peripheral arterial pulses, arterial blood pressure (indirect and direct methods), blood loss, ECG (recognize components of normal ECG complex, atrioventricular heart block, premature ventricular depolarization, asystole, ventricular fibrillation, 60 cycle interference). Describe equipment and methods of monitoring, normal and abnormal values, of the following respiratory parameters: rate and tidal volume, capnography, pulse oximetry, blood pO2 and pCO2 . Describe the impact of anesthesia on urine production. Describe causes, significance, and prevention of hypothermia. Describe causes of hyperthermia. Describe recording and record keeping including required record keeping for FDA controlled drugs. List the information to be recorded on an anesthetic record and explain the purpose of the entries. g. Describe physiologic and molecular mechanisms of pain, including nerve pathways from the periphery to the brain, the process of sensitization, and the development of tolerance. Describe methods used to recognize pain in animals and scoring systems to evaluate need for interventional therapy. Describe strategies for pain control, including drugs for systemic administration and central and peripheral nerve blocks.


• Topical outline:

Lecture 1 Monday, January 10, 2005, 9:00 am Introduction to Anesthesia We will review the history of veterinary anesthesia and define terms related to anesthesia. This lecture will include an introduction to anesthetic pharmacology, options for anesthesia, and use of anticholinergics. Lecture 2 Wednesday, January 12, 9:00 am Tranquilizers and Sedatives This lecture will cover commonly used phenothiazine tranquilizers and alpha2-adrenoreceptor sedatives, pharmacologic effects, onset and durations of action, indications and contraindications. Lecture 3 Friday, January 14, 9:00 am Opioids and Sedative-Opioid Combinations This lecture will describe pharmacologic effects, onset and durations of action, indications and contraindications of several opioids and their antagonists, including species differences. We will discuss commonly used drug combinations, reasons for use and expectations. Lecture 4 Tuesday, January 18, 9:00 am Barbiturates and Propofol This lecture will describe mechanisms or sites of action of these drugs, pharmacologic effects, onsets, durations, metabolism, elimination, indications and contraindications. Lecture 5 Wednesday, January 19, 9:00 am Dissociatives and Etomidate This lecture will describe mechanisms or sites of action of these drugs, pharmacologic effects, onsets, durations, metabolism, elimination, indications and contraindications. Lecture 6 Thursday, January 20, 9:00 am Pharmacology Review Friday, January 21, 9:00 am Mid-course Examination (50% of the grade) Lecture 7 Monday January 24, 8:00 am Preanesthetic Patient Evaluation We will discuss evaluation of the patients before anesthesia and the importance of facts or abnormalities detected in the history, physical examination and diagnostic work up with respect to anesthetic drug choice and management. Lecture 8 Wednesday, January 26, 9:00 am Anesthetic Machine Design This lecture will describe the basic design of an anesthetic machine and the functions of components. The design and function of rebreathing and non-rebreathing circuits will be discussed in the context of anesthetic administration. Lecture 9 Tuesday, February 1, 9:00 am Inhalation Agents: Uptake and Distribution This lecture introduces the inhalation anesthetic agents. The content focuses on their characteristics, mode of uptake and distribution in the body, mechanism of action, and factors influencing elimination and detoxification. Lecture 10 Wednesday, February 2, 9:00 am Administration of Inhalation Anesthesia We will discuss endotracheal intubation and potential complications, anesthetic concentrations in different types of delivery circuits, and the consequences and prevention of waste anesthetic gas pollution. Lecture 11 Thursday, February 3, 10:00 am Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthesia This lecture covers the effects of inhalation agents on the CNS, cardiovascular, respiratory and other systems. Lecture 12 Monday, February 7, 9:00 am Anesthetic Management This lecture will review common anesthetic protocols used for anesthesia in different species, positioning, fluid therapy, and recovery management. Lecture 13 Wednesday, February 9, 1:00 pm Monitoring Depth of Anesthesia and Cardiovascular Function We will define the stages of anesthesia and features that can be used to evaluate depth of anesthesia with different agents. Essential monitoring of the cardiovascular system will be described. Lecture 14 Friday, February 11, 11:00 am Monitoring Ventilation and Other Parameters Monitoring of the adequacy of ventilation will be described, including the significance of pulse oximetry and capnography. Derangements, significance, and prevention of abnormalities of body temperature will be discussed. The anesthetic record, notations and significances will be described. Lecture 15 Monday, February 14, 9:00 am Mechanisms, Recognition and Therapies for Pain Management Nociception and pain pathways will be reviewed. Recognition of pain and pain scoring systems will be described. Mechanisms and methods for controlling pain in the perianesthetic period will be discussed. Examination Thursday, February 17, 8:00 am Final Examination (50% of the course grade)

• Details of authorized assistance allowed during examinations:

Ask the instructor giving the exam.

<<  Back